CH:2- FOOD AND HEALTH

I Answer the following.

1. List down the major nutrients that are found in food.
ANS:The major nutrients in the food we eat are

• Carbohydrates
• Proteins 
• Fats
• Vitamins
• Minerals

2. What are carbohydrates? Give four examples.

ANS: Carbohydrates are energy giving food and it gives us energy to work and play. Cereals, pulses, sweet potato and sugar are examples of carbohydrates.

3. What are proteins? Give four examples.

ANS: Proteins are body building food which helps us to grow. Milk, egg, meat and fish are examples of proteins.

4. What are vitamins?

ANS: Vitamins keep our body fit, improve appetite and increase the body's ability to fight diseases.

5. What are minerals?
ANS: Minerals help in the growth and development of the body. They are needed in small amounts by our body.

6. What is roughage?

ANS: Roughage helps the body to get rid of undigested food. EG: Fruits and vegetables.

7. What is a balanced diet?
ANS: A diet which contains all the nutrients needed by our body in  the right amount is called a balanced diet.

8. What is posture?
ANS: Posture is the position in which we hold our body when we sit, stand or move. We must sit and stand straight. We must walk upright. A correct posture gives us a graceful appearance and improves the flexibility of our joints.

9. What are communicable diseases?
ANS: Communicable diseases are diseases that can be passed on from one person to another. They are spread by microbes like bacteria, protozoa, virus, etc. They can enter through our nose, mouth, of cuts in the skin while coughing, sneezing or spitting.

10. Mention any four diseases caused by contaminated food and water.
ANS:

• Jaundice
• Typhoid
• Cholera
• Diarrhea 

11. What are non-communicable diseases?
ANS: Diseases that are not passed on from one person to another are called non-communicable diseases.

12. Mention any four non-communicable diseases.
ANS:

• Night blindness
• Goitre
• Beriberi
• Rickets.

13. Write the sources of food and deficiency diseases of Vitamin A, B, C, D, Iodine and Iron.

Vitamins/Minerals	Deficiency diseases and Symptoms	Sources of Nutrients
Vitamin A	Night blindness (Cannot see in dim light)	Papaya, Mango, Green, leafy vegetables
Vitamin B	Beriberi (Affects circulatory and nervous system)	Cereals, Fish, Meat, Unpolished rice, Green leafy vegetables
Vitamin C	Scurvy (Bleeding of gums and swelling of joints)	Citrus fruits like amla, orange, etc, green leafy vegetables
Vitamin D	Rickets (Soft bones and bow shaped legs)	Milk and its products, sunlight
Iron	Anaemia (Low haemoglobin)	Spinach, liver, dates, jaggery, black grapes.
Iodine	Goitre (Swelling of the gland in the neck region)	Iodised salt, sea foods.

14. How do houseflies spread diseases?

ANS: Houseflies sit on garbage of other wastes and are carriers of disease causing microbes. they contaminate our food and water by transferring disease causing germs to our food by sitting on it. such contaminated food when consumed causes diseases like typhoid, cholera, dysentery etc.

What are the precautions you would take against the spread of malaria?
ANS: I would like to take the following steps against the spread of malaria.

• Doors and windows should have wire nets to keep away mosquitoes.
• Do not allow water to stagnate for the breeding of mosquitoes.
• Tanks and ponds must be sprayed with oil on top of it.
• Use a good mosquito repellent or net night.
• Clean bathrooms and toilets with disinfectants regularly.
• Drains must be covered properly.