PLANTS: INCREASING THE NUMBERS.

I- Define:-

1. GERMINATION:- The development of a seed into a seed into a seedling is called germination.

2. MONOCOT SEEDS:- The seeds of plants which have only one seed leaf or cotyledon are called monocot seeds.

3. DISPERSAL OF SEED:- The process of seeds or fruits being carried away from the parent plant by different agents such as wind, animals etc from one place to another is called dispersal of seeds.

4. SEEDLING:-  A small baby plant which comes out of a seed is called seedling.

II- Answer the following. 

1. How are plants useful to us?

ANS: - plants are useful to us in many ways. 

• Plants give us food, fiber, rubber, gum, tea, coffee etc. 
• Plants supply us with oxygen and makes the air fresh.
• Plants help to reduce soil erosion.

2. List down the conditions necessary for the germination of a seed.

ANS: - The conditions necessary for the germination of a seed are:

• Air
• Water
• Sunlight
• Soil

3. Name the different parts of a seed. Draw a diagram and label the parts.

ANS: - The different parts of a seed are

A. cotyledon

B. baby plant

C. seed coat.

4. Differentiate between monocot and dicot plants.

MONOCOT PLANT 

Seeds have only one cotyledon. 

Mostly has fibrous roots.

EX: Rice, Maize

DICOT PLANT
Seeds have two cotyledons.

Mostly ave tap roots.

EX: Mango, Carrot 

5.Why should seeds be dispersed?

ANS: - A plant produces many seeds. If all the seeds fall under the mother tree they germinate and grow close to each other. Then they will not get enough sunlight, water, nutrients or space to grow. Due to this some seedlings will die and others may have poor growth. Hence, seeds need to be dispersed. 

6.What are the different agents of dispersal?

ANS: - The different agents of dispersal of seeds are:

• wind- cotton, madar. 
• water- lotus, coconut. 
• animals- tiger nail, spear grass. 
• explosion of fruits- pea, lady's finger. 

7. Draw the different stages of Germination.

CROPS AND VEGABLES.

1. Define crops.

ANS:- Plants of one kind grown in a particular area or region during a particular period are called crops.

2. Differentiate between Kharif crop and Rabi crops.

KHARIF CROPS

Crops are grown from June to October.

They are called summer crops.

EX: Rice, Maize, Bajra.

RABI CROPS

Crops are grown from November to April.

They are winter crops.

EX: Wheat, Gram.

3. Define Agriculture.

ANS: The practice of growing plants on a large scale is called agriculture.

4.How do we get a gook and a healthy crop?

ANS:To get a good and a healthy crop we should

• Use healthy and ripe seeds for sowing. 
• Prepare the soil thoroughly. 
• Add manure or fertilizers to the soil. 
• Irrigate the soil properly. 

5. Why should we spray pesticides and insecticides on crops?

ANS:Pesticides and insecticides are sprayed on crops to protect the crops from pests like rats, moles, insects, grasshoppers, locusts etc. However too much of pesticides and insecticides can be harmful to our health.

6. What are the best ways of storing seeds?

ANS: The best ways of protecting the seeds and storing them is to store them in water proof, insect proof, air tight sealed plastic containers. They must also be kept safe from insects, rats, squirrels and birds.

NOTE:

Examples of fertilizers are

• Urea 
• Super Phosphate 
• Ammonium Sulphate 
• Ammonium Nitrate.